2인승 로봇택시가 생각보다 의미가 있는 이유

When Tesla revealed the Cybercab in 2024, many people were baffled by the automaker’s decision to make it a two-seater. I had similar thoughts when I first saw it at the LA Auto Show later that year: What kind of taxi has only two seats? Once you get above a tuktuk, that’s an asinine idea no one will ever want. Why a two-seater robotaxi makes more sense than you think Tesla and Lucid are raising eyebrows with their two-seater autonomous vehicles. But ridehail fleets have very different needs for EVs than retail buyers do, and that matters. Why a two-seater robotaxi makes more sense than you think Tesla and Lucid are raising eyebrows with their two-seater autonomous vehicles. But ridehail fleets have very different needs for EVs than retail buyers do, and that matters. For 18 months, that seems to have been the prevailing attitude. On Reddit and other social media platforms, users have weighed in on the utility, or lack thereof, of a two-seat robotaxi. “You could strap a few people to the roof for a special discount,” quipped one commenter. Nevertheless, the first Tesla Cybercab was put into production last month, and now prototypes have been spotted testing both on public roads and on the grounds of Tesla’s assembly plant in Austin, Texas. But in case you thought the Cybercab would be alone in absorbing all the anti-two seater vitriol, now there are two such vehicles. The Lunar eclipse At Lucid Motors’ Investor Day in New York City this month, its executive team laid out the EV maker’s plan to reach profitability. It includes three new models on a less expensive midsize platform — the first will arrive next year — an all-new electric powertrain, and a continuing focus on semi-autonomous driving functions and robotaxi partnerships. Then, in a “just one more thing” moment, Lucid’s acting CEO Marc Winterhoff revealed a concept car hidden behind a curtain at one end of the hall. The two-seat robotaxi concept, dubbed the Lucid Lunar, was displayed without doors to show off its interior space and large luggage bay. Visions of the Tesla Cybercab, different but the same, flashed through my mind. In a “fireside chat” with Uber’s Andrew Macdonald, Winterhoff revealed the rideshare company has pledged to buy 20,000 Gravitys fitted with robotaxi sensors and software from Nuro. The two firms plan a similar deal with an upcoming Lucid midsize EV model as well. It took a few hours with Lucid Motors executives for me to understand why, in fact, I was wrong about two-seat robotaxis. And why ridehailing services the world over might buy giant fleets of them. Presuming, of course, that robotaxis prove to be safe, reliable, not a major contributor to urban congestion, and notably cheaper for ridehail fleets than are today’s human drivers using a wide variety of EV and internal combustion models. At minimum, deploying two-seat robotaxis would require an added step during the hail process: Every user would have to say how many people were traveling, to ensure a vehicle arrived with a sufficient number of seats. Users would most likely accept this added friction in the process, especially if two-seaters were cheaper than other alternatives. The Lucid Lunar concept uses the same wide horizontal display on the dash as the Lucid Cosmos, but no steering wheel. It would be built on a shortened version of the midsize platform that will underpin the Cosmos and its two siblings, which would deliver major cost savings on the basic architecture. The Lunar is both lower to the ground and smaller than the Cosmos, and — my “aha!” moment — it was designed to be as energy-efficient and low-cost as possible for buyers. Smaller, lighter, CHEAPER! In their fireside chat, Winterhoff and Macdonald noted that more than 90 percent of the rides Uber provides today have just one or two passengers. Other studies put the proportion slightly lower — though still a strong majority. The logic of the vehicle, Lucid chief engineer Zach Walker later explained, was that the needs of ridehail fleet operators differ substantially from those of individual drivers. Physics dictates a two-seat EV will be smaller and lighter than one with more seats. That will make it cheaper to buy and to operate, primarily because it can provide the necessary range from a battery with lower capacity — which will cost less and recharge faster for the same range added. Ridehail companies will need robotaxis with the absolutely lowest possible lifetime cost, to make the expensive tech practical versus human-driven vehicles. The needs of ridehail fleet operators differ substantially from those of individual drivers According to chief engineer Walker, every 1-kWh reduction in battery size will save a robotaxi operator $1,000 per year in recharging costs, presuming it covers 100,000 miles a year. How efficient could that two-seat robotaxi be versus a four-seat compact EV? Walker said Lucid projects efficiencies of 5.5 miles per kilowatt-hour, perhaps as high as 6 mi/kWh, in typical use. (